Direct Debit Process

(Req) AUDDIS – Mandate – The Automated DDI Service (agreement setup or amendment and cancellation)

http://www.bacs.co.uk/Bacs/Businesses/DirectDebit/Services/Pages/AUDDIS.aspx

(Res) AUDDIS response

(Res) ADDACS – Automated Direct Debit Amendment and Cancellation Service (bank initiated agreement amendment and cancellation)

http://www.bacs.co.uk/Bacs/Businesses/DirectDebit/Services/Pages/ADDACS.aspx

(Req) DD Payment request

(Req) ‘Re-Sweep’ payment request file – ‘re-sweeps’ being when an original request was rejected and a second (or subsequent) payment request was generated.

(Res) ARUDD – Automated Return of Unpaid Direct Debits (unpaid direct debit notification)

Req-Request

Res-Response

Multi IMSI SIM:

http://www.truphone.com/

IMSI Broker

http://www.ipo.gov.uk/p-find-publication-getPDF.pdf?PatentNo=GB2473753&DocType=A&JournalNumber=6357

http://3r-comm.com/gsmdual.html

http://www.worldsim.com/Default.aspx

http://www.uniconnect.in/

Worldsim
http://www.airtel.in/worldsim/index.html
http://www.reliancepassport.com/globalsimcard.html

HSDPA: High speed downlink packet access
WIMAX: worldwide interoperability for microwave access
WI-FI: wireless fidelity
NMT:Nordic mobile telephone
MIN:Mobile identification number
MDN:Mobile directory number
IRM:International roaming MIN
SIM: Subscriber Identity Module – a small printed circuit board that must be inserted in a GSM-based mobile phone when signing on as a subscriber. It contains subscriber details, security information, and memory for a personal directory of numbers.
EDGE:Enhanced data rate for GSM evolution
ISDN:Integrated service digital network
MSISDN: Mobile Station international ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) Number, the international telephone number of a GSM subscriber. It is composed of a two-digit country code, a four-digit national destination code and a six-digit subscriber number.
ICCID:International circuit card identifier
NANP:North American numbering plan
IMSI:International mobile subscriber identity
Uniquely identifies the subscriber to the GSM network. The IMSI is known only to the network provider and not to the subscriber or service provider. It is stored on the Subscriber’s Identity Module (SIM ). When a subscriber uses a service, or makes or receives a call, the IMSI is recorded by the switch and used for charging purposes
IMEI: International Mobile Station Equipment Identity – A unique number allocated to each item of mobile station equipment
TRAC: teleservice, bearer service, supplementary service
LTE: Long term evolution
PLMN: Public land mobile network
IMS: IP Multimedia Subsystem
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_Multimedia_Subsystem
Greenfield Project :is a project which lacks any constraints imposed by prior networks (new project)
Brownfield projects: often the pre-existing site/facilities are contaminated/polluted. (upgrade or existing project)

MVNO:Mobile virtual network operator
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_virtual_network_operator
MVNE:Mobile Virtual Network Enabler
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_Virtual_Network_Enabler
MNO:Mobile network operator
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_network_operator

MVNA: Mobile Virtual Network Aggregator

MVNA purchases mobile airtime in bulk form the partner mobile operator, adds its service platform and wholesales this airtime to multiple MVNOs, who each in turn sells the mobile service to end users. Good MVNAs will also provide a range of value added services to their MVNOs to lower the overall operational cost of the individual MVNOs. The major advantage to each MVNO is that they do not need to invest in, or operate, an expensive mobile billing and operations platform. Instead they just need to focus on sales and marketing activities.

http://www.prepaidmvno.com/definitions/

APN: Access Point Name – The Internet address that identifies the route used by a GPRS service to access an external data network.
Barring : The facility to restrict outgoing and incoming calls and whether a phone can make international calls to and from abroad. Used by network operators when a subscriber exceeds their credit limit or fails to settle their account
Bearer Service :A type of telecom service that provides the capability of transmission of signals between access points, typically relating to data services

MultiSIM
Short for multiple SIM, lets a customer manage more than one SIM from a single subscription as if it was a single subscription. Multiple SIM products are for a single customer to use (that is, each subscription is for one subscriber only). It allows a number of mobile terminals to be managed and accessed through a single subscription and a single telephone number, the published number. The customer chooses which device they want to use and nominates it as the active phone. This device then receives any calls to the published number.
e.g. dual sim http://delhi.mtnl.net.in/services/dolphin_int_roaming.htm

Call barring codes
The call barring code has four digits and is used by the customer to access the security features available with their mobile phone. You enter a call barring code when you first connect the customer. If the customer forgets the call barring code or believes others know the code, they should contact their operator for assistance. An example of a call barring code is 2543.

• Home PLMN (HPLMN) – the HPLMN is the GSM network that a GSM user is a subscriber of. That implies that GSM user’s subscription data resides in the HLR in that PLMN. The HLR
may transfer the subscription data to a VLR (during registration in a PLMN) or a GMSC (during mobile terminating call handling). The HPLMN may also contain various service nodes, such as a short message service centre (SMSC), service control point (SCP), etc.
• Visited PLMN (VPLMN) – the VPLMN is the GSM network where a subscriber is currently
registered. The subscriber may be registered in her HPLMN or in another PLMN. In the latter
case, the subscriber is outbound roaming (from HPLMN’s perspective) and inbound roaming
(from VPLMN’s perspective). When the subscriber is currently registered in her HPLMN, then
the HPLMN is at the same time VPLMN.
• Interrogating PLMN (IPLMN) – the IPLMN is the PLMN containing the GMSC that handles
mobile terminating (MT) calls. MT calls are always handled by a GMSC in the PLMN, regardless
of the origin of the call. For most operators, MT call handling is done by a GMSC in the HPLMN;
in that case, the HPLMN is at the same time IPLMN. This implies that calls destined for a GSM
subscriber are always routed to the HPLMN of that GSM subscriber. Once the call has arrived in
the HPLMN, the HPLMN acts as IPLMN. MT call handling will be described in more detail in
subsequent sections. When basic optimal routing (BOR) is applied, the IPLMN is not the same
PLMN as the HPLMN.

SOA: Service-oriented architecture
EAI: Enterprise application integration

CRM : Customer relationship management.
CRM stands for Customer Relationship Management. It is a process or methodology used to learn more about customers’ needs and behaviours in order to develop stronger relationships with them.

Work orders:
Consists of various steps to recover or provide

Sales and Post sales:
Various activities during sale and post sale like (Change of sim, number, tariff etc.)

Faults Management:
Trouble tickets logged by customer for any fault, complaints or queries. It should be handle properly by assigning to the right team and escalations.

Billing:
http://www.tutorialspoint.com/telecom-billing/index.htm
http://www.mobilein.com/billing.htm

Bill Cycle:
The period between billings for products and services, usually a month.

Types of bill:
Periodic, one-off like final, first bill

Accounting methods:
a. Bill Allocation
Under the bill allocation method, it allows the CSR to allocate payments to bills. Whenever the CSR makes a payment, allocation rules are used by a billing system to allocate then payment to bill.

b. Balance bought forward
Under the balance brought forward method, it allocates payments to the account’s oldest debt, which has the effect of paying off the oldest unpaid bill first.

Bill Printing:
Print of bills from xml to pdf, word or by email, cd

Rating:
GSM
MOC: Mobile originated call (Outbound)
MTC: Mobile terminated call (Inbound)
On-net: Call to the same provider network
Of-net: Call to the other operator network
GPRS
SGSN: Serving GPRS Support Node
GGSN: Gateway GPRS Support Node
CG: Charging gateway

CDR: call detail record
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Call_detail_record

Important fields of cdr:
the number making the call (calling party)
the number receiving the call (called party)
when the call started (date and time)
how long the call was (duration)
the phone number charged for the call (Calling number for outgoing call or called number for incoming call)
type of number whether it is imsi, isdn, imei etc.
call type (MST, MSO, MSTSMSinMSC, call forwarding, gprs, event)
a sequence number identifying the record (whole, first or next or last partial)
the identifier of the telephone exchange or switch writing the record
Teleservice: types of phone service like sms, voice, fax
Bearerservice: types of data service
supplementary service or facility value: like call forward, call waiting
access point, uplink, downlink volume and unit for gprs
camel details
additional digits on the called number used to route or charge the call
the result of the call (whether it was answered, busy etc)
the route by which the call entered the exchange
the route by which the call left the exchange
any fault condition encountered

How a tariff is selected for a usage:
Distance bands: Origin and destination of the call.
Time Plans: Time of the call.
Usage Package: On which package customer is.
Pricing groups: Type of call by teleservice and bearer service

Special types of rating:
Special numbers like emergency or GPRS: Rating must match exact number or IP address for destination calculation.

Call forward: A —->B —->C
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Call_forwarding

A-Standard charge
B-Dependent on operator how to charge
C-Home-no charge; Roaming:charge

Types:
Conditional
Unconditional
Conditional Call forwarding
Conditional call forwarding redirects incoming calls according to the specific call.
1.Forward if busy redirects incoming calls according to the specific call.
2.Forward if not answered redirects incoming calls to the desired number when you are already on the phone.
3.Forward if out of reach redirects incoming calls to the desired number if the phone is switched off or is outside of the coverage area.

Unconditional Call forwarding
Unconditional call forwarding redirects all incoming calls to the chosen number. No calls will be received on your handset in this case.

http://pnglongdistance.com/knowledgebase/_what_is_call_forwarding.aspx

Again,
Early Call Forwarding:
Early Call Forwarding : Early Call Forwarding is Call Forwarding performed from the IPLMN before the call has been extended to the VPLMN of the forwarding subscriber (i.e. Call Forwarding Unconditional and Conditional Call Forwarding on Not Reachable known at the IPLMN before extension of the call)

Late Call Forwarding:
Late Call Forwarding: Late Call Forwarding is Call Forwarding performed after the call has been extended to the VPLMN of the forwarding subscriber (i.e. Conditional Call Forwarding on Busy, Conditional Call Forwarding on No Reply and Conditional Call Forwarding on Not Reachable detected in the VPLMN of the forwarding subscriber). Late Call Forwarding may be invoked in the IPLMN or in the VPLMN of the forwarding subscriber.

In summary, If call is forwarded by HPLMN then it is ECF if by VPLMN then it is LCF.

VAS charging: fixed charge is applied.
e.g.
Location Based Service
Video Telephony
VOD Video on demand
Gaming
Shopping

Rating with Porting Numbers:
To Rate for ported numbers so that instead of on-net offnet charge gets applied, the calling number is prefix with network code to identify it correctly.

Roaming:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roaming

TAP: Transfer Account Procedure
http://www.gsmworld.com/technology/roaming/billing-standards/what_is_tap_3.htm
TAP-In: Rated calls received from another operators for our subscriber roaming in their network
TAP-Out: Rated calls send to another operator for their subscriber roaming in our network

Roaming Partner
Exchange Rates
SDR: Special drawing rights
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Drawing_Rights
UTC: Coordinated Universal time

RAP: Return Acccount Procedure

CIBER: Cellular Intercarrier Billing Exchange Roamer
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cibernet

CAMEL: Customised Applications for mobile network enhanced logic
CAMEL is a facility, which uses IN service to allows the roaming subscribers to use special number like 1432 to access customer service as they use these numbers at home. When pre-paid subscribers make these kinds of calls, their HPMN gets call information from VPMN via CAMEL. This allows HPMN to subtract their purse. In turn VPMN charges the HPMN for letting its subscribers use their network.

CAMEL Invocation Fee (CIF) is basically a charge from VPMN to HPMN for letting HPMN’s subscriber use his network.

Segments:
A call can be broken to segments.
This is mainly used if the calls need to be rated by duration (say first n minutes) or timeperiod (say x a.m. to y a.m.)

Rerating or reject rerating:

Provisioning:
Send commands to network for various sale activities like add, modify, remove service, bar/unbar etc.
It can be synchronous or asynchronous.

Payments:
a.Cash or cheque
b.Credit card
c.Direct debit
types of direct debit files:
Agreement file
payment file
Deposits
Adjustments
Cash management
Suspense account:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspense_account
Hold details where payments cannot be matched to any account and later once the discrepancy is resolved, it is transferred to correct account.

Credit control:
Once the bill is generated and if the customer doesn’t pay
Few examples:

Reminder in the form of sms or letter
Barring
Disconnection
Writeoff

And once paid reconnection if it is disconnected.

Work flow management:

Discount:

Filters for discount:
Account type
Service type
Call type

Discount type
Rating Time e.g. destination based
Billing Time

e.g. of discount:
Percentage on total charge
Free calls on n numbers of calls
MTC call discount.
Good payment or particular payment method
on bill value
on high or low usage
loyalty
length of call
Bill media
FCA (Free call allowance)
F&F (Friends and Family)
CUG (Closed user group)

Reports:

More type of VAS:
Call Waiting
Conference Call
Reminder Call
Ring Back
Call Return
It is a telephone feature code offered by telephone service providers to give a called party the time and telephone number of the last received call, and may also offer the facility to place a call back to the calling party.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last-call_return

Call Diversion
Withhold CLI (Caller)
Caller Display
Call Barring
Withhold CLI (Network)
Reject Withheld Numbers
Your Call
Message Minder
Other Network Services
Changes to Services
Itemised Billing
Call Diversion
Ceased Line
Call Announced
Ceased Line
Customer Call Forward
HomeTxt
Number Reservation

Ref: http://pricing.k-c.co.uk/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billing_Mediation_Platform

It is a three step process that includes ‘collecting CDRs’, ‘processing CDRs’ and
‘distributing CDRs’.
Mediation server gathers CDRs from upstream systems, converts them
into a required format and finally transmits them to the downstream systems (required
destinations).

Click to access B2.pdf

When two operators are interconnected to complete a call.

originating partner: sends data
terminating partner: receive data

Transit mode: receives and delivers data

Types of Accounting:
Direct Accounting
Cascade Accounting

Charging policy:
Destination based billing
Distance based billing